2024年2月19日 星期一

micro:bit植鞣皮套設計與Python程式設計

 

micro:bit植鞣皮套設計師：劉皇模/木莫皮革工作室

micro:bit植鞣皮套DIY手作課程：台灣工藝創客青創基地

micro:bit Python編輯器

範例一、LED顯示

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# Imports go at the top
from microbit import *


# Code in a 'while True:' loop repeats forever
while True:
    display.show(Image.HEART)
    sleep(1000)
    display.scroll('Hello')

範例二、燈光控制
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# Imports go at the top
from microbit import *
import neopixel
import random


# Code in a 'while True:' loop repeats forever
while True:
    display.show(Image.HEART)
    sleep(1000)
    display.scroll('Hello')
    #底板有一顆NeoPixel 接在Pin2
    np = neopixel.NeoPixel(pin2, 1)
    np[0] = (random.randint(1, 255), 
             random.randint(1, 255),
             random.randint(1, 255))
    np.show()

範例三、振動控制
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# Imports go at the top
from microbit import *
import neopixel
import random


# Code in a 'while True:' loop repeats forever
while True:
    display.show(Image.HEART)
    sleep(1000)
    display.scroll('Hello')
    #底板有一顆NeoPixel 接在Pin2
    np = neopixel.NeoPixel(pin2, 1)
    np[0] = (random.randint(1, 255), 
             random.randint(1, 255),
             random.randint(1, 255))
    np.show()
    for i in range(1024):
        pin1.write_analog(i)
        sleep(3)
    sleep(1000)
    pin1.write_analog(0)
    sleep(2000)

範例四、音樂(http://www.86x.org/bbc/music.html)
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# Imports go at the top
from microbit import *
import neopixel
import random
import music
# play Prelude in C.
notes = [
    'c4:1', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e5', 'g4', 'c5', 'e5', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e5', 'g4', 'c5', 'e5',
    'c4', 'd', 'a', 'd5', 'f5', 'a4', 'd5', 'f5', 'c4', 'd', 'a', 'd5', 'f5', 'a4', 'd5', 'f5',
    'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'd5', 'f5', 'g4', 'd5', 'f5', 'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'd5', 'f5', 'g4', 'd5', 'f5',
    'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e5', 'g4', 'c5', 'e5', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e5', 'g4', 'c5', 'e5',
    'c4', 'e', 'a', 'e5', 'a5', 'a4', 'e5', 'a5', 'c4', 'e', 'a', 'e5', 'a5', 'a4', 'e5', 'a5',
    'c4', 'd', 'f#', 'a', 'd5', 'f#4', 'a', 'd5', 'c4', 'd', 'f#', 'a', 'd5', 'f#4', 'a', 'd5',
    'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'd5', 'g5', 'g4', 'd5', 'g5', 'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'd5', 'g5', 'g4', 'd5', 'g5',
    'b3', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e4', 'g', 'c5', 'b3', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e4', 'g', 'c5',
    'a3', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e4', 'g', 'c5', 'a3', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e4', 'g', 'c5',
    'd3', 'a', 'd4', 'f#', 'c5', 'd4', 'f#', 'c5', 'd3', 'a', 'd4', 'f#', 'c5', 'd4', 'f#', 'c5',
    'g3', 'b', 'd4', 'g', 'b', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'g3', 'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'b', 'd', 'g', 'b'
]

# Code in a 'while True:' loop repeats forever
while True:
    display.show(Image.HEART)
    sleep(1000)
    display.scroll('Hello')
    #底板有一顆NeoPixel 接在Pin2
    np = neopixel.NeoPixel(pin2, 1)
    np[0] = (random.randint(1, 255), 
             random.randint(1, 255),
             random.randint(1, 255))
    np.show()
    for i in range(1024):
        pin1.write_analog(i)
        sleep(3)
    sleep(1000)
    pin1.write_analog(0)
    sleep(2000)
    music.play(notes)
    sleep(2000)

範例四、通訊

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# Imports go at the top
from microbit import *
import neopixel
import random
import music
import radio


radio.config(group=1)
radio.on()
# play Prelude in C.
notes = [
    'c4:1', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e5', 'g4', 'c5', 'e5', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e5', 'g4', 'c5', 'e5',
    'c4', 'd', 'a', 'd5', 'f5', 'a4', 'd5', 'f5', 'c4', 'd', 'a', 'd5', 'f5', 'a4', 'd5', 'f5',
    'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'd5', 'f5', 'g4', 'd5', 'f5', 'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'd5', 'f5', 'g4', 'd5', 'f5',
    'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e5', 'g4', 'c5', 'e5', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e5', 'g4', 'c5', 'e5',
    'c4', 'e', 'a', 'e5', 'a5', 'a4', 'e5', 'a5', 'c4', 'e', 'a', 'e5', 'a5', 'a4', 'e5', 'a5',
    'c4', 'd', 'f#', 'a', 'd5', 'f#4', 'a', 'd5', 'c4', 'd', 'f#', 'a', 'd5', 'f#4', 'a', 'd5',
    'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'd5', 'g5', 'g4', 'd5', 'g5', 'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'd5', 'g5', 'g4', 'd5', 'g5',
    'b3', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e4', 'g', 'c5', 'b3', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e4', 'g', 'c5',
    'a3', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e4', 'g', 'c5', 'a3', 'c4', 'e', 'g', 'c5', 'e4', 'g', 'c5',
    'd3', 'a', 'd4', 'f#', 'c5', 'd4', 'f#', 'c5', 'd3', 'a', 'd4', 'f#', 'c5', 'd4', 'f#', 'c5',
    'g3', 'b', 'd4', 'g', 'b', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'g3', 'b3', 'd4', 'g', 'b', 'd', 'g', 'b'
]

display.scroll('Hello')    
# Code in a 'while True:' loop repeats forever
while True:
    message = radio.receive()
    if message == 'smile':
        display.show(Image.HAPPY)
        for i in range(1024):
            pin1.write_analog(i)
            sleep(3)
        sleep(1000)
        pin1.write_analog(0)
        
    if message == 'heart': 
        display.show(Image.HEART)
        music.play(notes)
    if button_a.was_pressed():
        radio.send('smile')
    if button_b.was_pressed():
        radio.send('heart')

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2024年2月14日 星期三

Kasper's micro:bit：把micro:bit當成遙控器的Python套件(MakeCode版本)

對大多數人而言，Python給人一種簡單易學的感覺，但大多數的Python程式設計，都是從基礎的語言談起，雖然簡單但是並不有趣。micro:bit是目前學童最常接觸到培養邏輯思維的一塊微型電腦的電路板，本篇將介紹Kasper's micro:bit，可以讓micro:bit成為遊戲的遙控器。

網站：https://kaspersmicrobit.readthedocs.io/en/stable/

範例一、測試micro:bit上的按鈕

1.打開makcode，請按下圖編輯程式，並下載到micro:bit。


執行結果：


2.請開啟cmd，並輸入pip install kaspersmicrobit。


3.開啟IDEL編輯下列程式，摘自kaspersmicrobit官方網站。 
import time

from kaspersmicrobit import KaspersMicrobit


def pressed(button):
    print(f"button {button} pressed")

#讓microbit變數當成第一顆連線的micro:bit的變數
with KaspersMicrobit.find_one_microbit() as microbit:
    microbit.buttons.on_button_a(press=pressed)#偵測到按鈕被按下時呼叫pressed函式
    time.sleep(10)


執行結果：
執行步驟3的程式
您會看到micro:bit顯示連線。
接下來按下A鍵，可以在IDLE Shell看到。


最後看到micro:bit顯示斷線




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2024年2月12日 星期一

Django 5.0: 在模版上(Template)使用filter過濾器

 參考資料：Python架站特訓班Django 3最強實戰

延續專案：用擲骰子來說視圖(View)如何傳送變數到模版(Template)

1. 設定filter的URL，passdata\urls.py。 
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"""
URL configuration for passdata project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from passdataapp.views import dice, dice2, dice3, show, filter

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('dice/', dice),
    path('dice2/', dice2),
    path('dice3/', dice3),
    path('show/', show),
    path('filter/', filter),
]

2.定義filter()函式passdataapp\views.py。 
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from django.shortcuts import render
import random #加入random模組

# Create your views here.
def dice(request):
    no = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    return render(request, "dice.html", {"no":no})

def dice2(request):
    no1 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    no2 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    no3 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    #使用locals()函式來傳遞所有的區域變數
    return render(request, "dice2.html", locals())
    
times = 0
def dice3(request):
    global times    #宣告global變數
    times = times + 1
    local_times = times
    username = "David"
    no = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    return render(request, "dice3.html", locals())

def show(request):
	student1 = {"name":"王老五","phone":"0928-123456", "age":20}
	student2 = {"name":"林大智","phone":"0928-123457", "age":21}
	student3 = {"name":"陳三省","phone":"0928-123458", "age":22}
	student4 = {"name":"董小于","phone":"0928-123459", "age":20}
	student5 = {"name":"曾小平","phone":"0928-123450", "age":19}
	students = [student1, student2, student3, student4, student5]
	return render(request, "show.html", locals())
	
def filter(request):
	value = 100
	list1 = [1,2,3,4,5]
	password = "芝麻開門"
	html= "<h1>哈囉</h1>"
	value2 = False
	value3 = "a b c"
	return render(request, "filter.html", locals())

3.新增templates\filter.html檔案

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset='utf-8'>
	<title>過濾器</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h6>
		value={{value}}, vlaue|add:"5"={{ value|add:"2" }} <br/>
		value|stringformat:"E"={{ value|stringformat:"E" }} <br/>
		list1= {{ list1 }}, list1|length = {{ list1|length }}, list1|slice:"2:" = {{ list1|slice:"2:" }} <br/>
		{% if password == "芝麻開門" %}
			密碼正確 <br/>
		{% else %}
			密碼錯誤 <br/>
		{% endif %}
			value2 = {{ value2 }}, value2|yesno:" 是, 否, 取消"={{ value2|yesno:" 是, 否, 取消" }} <br/>
		html={{ html }}, html|safe = {{ html|safe }} <br/>
		value3 = {{ value3 }}, value3|upper = {{ value3|upper }}, value3|slugify = {{ value3|slugify }}<br/>
	</h6>
</body>
</html>

執行結果：
開啟瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/filter/。


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Django 5.0：視圖(View)傳送串列(List)資料到模版(Template)

參考資料：Python架站特訓班Django 3最強實戰

延續專案：用擲骰子來說視圖(View)如何傳送變數到模版(Template)

範例一、依序顯示學生資料

1.設定show的URL，passdata\urls.py。

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"""
URL configuration for passdata project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from passdataapp.views import dice, dice2, dice3, show

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('dice/', dice),
    path('dice2/', dice2),
    path('dice3/', dice3),
    path('show/', show),
]

2.定義show()函式passdataapp\views.py。

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from django.shortcuts import render
import random #加入random模組

# Create your views here.
def dice(request):
    no = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    return render(request, "dice.html", {"no":no})

def dice2(request):
    no1 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    no2 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    no3 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    #使用locals()函式來傳遞所有的區域變數
    return render(request, "dice2.html", locals())
    
times = 0
def dice3(request):
    global times    #宣告global變數
    times = times + 1
    local_times = times
    username = "David"
    no = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    return render(request, "dice3.html", locals())

def show(request):
	student1 = {"name":"王老五","phone":"0928-123456", "age":20}
	student2 = {"name":"林大智","phone":"0928-123457", "age":21}
	student3 = {"name":"陳三省","phone":"0928-123458", "age":22}
	student4 = {"name":"董小于","phone":"0928-123459", "age":20}
	student5 = {"name":"曾小平","phone":"0928-123450", "age":19}
	students = [student1, student2, student3, student4, student5]
	return render(request, "show.html", locals())

3.新增templates\show.html檔案

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset='utf-8'>
	<title>學生基本資料</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h4>
	{% for student in students %}
		<ul>
			<li> 姓名：{{student.name}} </li>
			<li> 手機：{{student.phone}} </li>
			<li> 年紀：{{student.age}} </li>
		</ul>
	{% empty %}
		沒有任何資料
	{% endfor %}
	</h4>
</body>
</html>

執行結果：
開啟瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/show/。


範例二、利用forloop變量及其屬性由1開始顯示資料第幾位學生
4.修訂templates\show.html檔案

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset='utf-8'>
	<title>學生基本資料</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h6>
	{% for student in students %}
	第{{forloop.counter}}位學生
		<ul>
			<li> 姓名：{{student.name}} </li>
			<li> 手機：{{student.phone}} </li>
			<li> 年紀：{{student.age}} </li>
		</ul>
	{% empty %}
		沒有任何資料
	{% endfor %}
	</h6>
</body>
</html>

執行結果：
開啟瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/show/。

範例三、for迴圈倒轉
5.修訂templates\show.html檔案

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset='utf-8'>
	<title>學生基本資料</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h6>
	{% for student in students reversed %}
	第{{forloop.revcounter}}位學生
		<ul>
			<li> 姓名：{{student.name}} </li>
			<li> 手機：{{student.phone}} </li>
			<li> 年紀：{{student.age}} </li>
		</ul>
	{% empty %}
		沒有任何資料
	{% endfor %}
	</h6>
</body>
</html>

執行結果：
開啟瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/show/。


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Django 5.0：用擲骰子來說視圖(View)如何傳送變數到模版(Template)

 參考資料：Python架站特訓班Django 3最強實戰

1.打開cmd，輸入mkvirtualenv passdata命令建立虛擬環境。


2.輸入pip install django建立Django套件。

3.輸入django-admin startproject passdata來建立Djano專案，利用cd passdata來切換目錄

4.輸入python manage.py startapp passdataapp來建立應用程式，利用md static以及md templates來建立static以及templates目錄。

5.輸入python manage.py migrate指令進行模型(Model)與資料庫(Database)的同步。

6.輸入python manage.py runserver指令來啟動Server。

7.打開瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/網址，開啟首頁。

8.環境設定，設定settings.py，passdata\settings.py。

範例一、傳遞變數到Template模版
9.環境設定，設定settings.py，passdata\settings.py。
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"""
Django settings for passdata project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.0.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-&no51-lnfzi&69rr-zvymsabq0=ay5ydi-auxfn4%en^623xm)'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'passdataapp',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'passdata.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR/'templates'],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',                
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'passdata.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hant'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Taipei'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR/'static',
    ]
# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

重新整理

10.設定URL，passdata\urls.py。
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"""
URL configuration for passdata project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from passdataapp.views import dice

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('dice/', dice),
]

11.定義dice()函式passdataapp\views.py。

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from django.shortcuts import render
import random #加入random模組

# Create your views here.
def dice(request):
    no = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    return render(request, "dice.html", {"no":no})

12.新增templates\dice.html檔案

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset='utf-8'>
	<title>擲骰子</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>點數：{{no}}</h1>
</body>
</html>

執行結果：
13.開啟瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/dice/。

範例二、使用locals()傳遞變數到Template模版(一)-同時顯示3顆骰子點數
14. 設定dice2的URL，passdata\urls.py。

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"""
URL configuration for passdata project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from passdataapp.views import dice, dice2

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('dice/', dice),
    path('dice2/', dice2),
]

15.定義dice2()函式passdataapp\views.py。

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from django.shortcuts import render
import random #加入random模組

# Create your views here.
def dice(request):
    no = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    return render(request, "dice.html", {"no":no})

def dice2(request):
    no1 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    no2 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    no3 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    #使用locals()函式來傳遞所有的區域變數
    return render(request, "dice2.html", locals())

16.新增templates\dice2.html檔案

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset='utf-8'>
	<title>擲骰子 (二)</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>點數一：{{no1}}</h1>
	<h1>點數二：{{no2}}</h1>
	<h1>點數三：{{no3}}</h1>
</body>
</html>

執行結果：
17.開啟瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/dice2/。

範例三、使用locals()傳遞變數到Template模版(二)-顯示玩家名稱、骰子點數和累計數。
18. 設定dice3的URL，passdata\urls.py。

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"""
URL configuration for passdata project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from passdataapp.views import dice, dice2, dice3

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('dice/', dice),
    path('dice2/', dice2),
    path('dice3/', dice3),
]

19.定義dice3()函式passdataapp\views.py。

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from django.shortcuts import render
import random #加入random模組

# Create your views here.
def dice(request):
    no = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    return render(request, "dice.html", {"no":no})

def dice2(request):
    no1 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    no2 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    no3 = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    #使用locals()函式來傳遞所有的區域變數
    return render(request, "dice2.html", locals())
    
times = 0
def dice3(request):
    global times    #宣告global變數
    times = times + 1
    local_times = times
    username = "David"
    no = random.randint(1, 6) #亂數產生1-6其中一個數字
    return render(request, "dice3.html", locals())

20.新增templates\dice3.html檔案 
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset='utf-8'>
	<title>擲骰子 (三)</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>玩家：{{username}}</h1>
	<h1>點數：{{no}}</h1>
	<h1>累計次數：{{local_times}}</h1>
</body>
</html>

執行結果：
17.開啟瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/dice3/。


張貼者： 於 沒有留言:
標籤： ,

2024年2月11日 星期日

建立Django 5.0的專案以及app

參考資料:Python架站特訓班Django 3最強實戰，碁峰。

 

1.打開cmd，輸入mkvirtualenv django_first命令建立虛擬環境。


2.輸入pip install django建立Django套件。


3.使用pip list命令檢查Django版本。


4.輸入django-admin startproject firstproject來建立Djano專案，利用cd firstproject來切換目錄，再利用dir來查看目錄中的檔案。


5.輸入Python manage.py startapp myapp來建立應用程式，利用md static來建立static目錄。


6.輸入python manage.py migrate指令進行模型(Model)與資料庫(Database)的同步。


7.輸入python manage.py runserver指令來啟動Server。


8.打開瀏覽器，輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/網址，開啟首頁。


9.環境設定，設定settings.py，firstproject\settings.py。

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"""
Django settings for firstproject project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.0.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-+f^d-9+pr$ii+cb4aqa4out6pgey@#y-r9k*vva=x#s&dhf4nj'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = False

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['127.0.0.1']


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myapp',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'firstproject.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR/'templates'],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'firstproject.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hant'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Taipei'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR/'static',
    ]

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

重新整理


10.設定URL，firstproject\urls.py。

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"""
URL configuration for firstproject project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from myapp.views import sayhello

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', sayhello),
]

11.定義函式myapp\views.py。

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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
def sayhello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello Django")

重新整理


12.利用網址傳送參數
12.1 新增sayhello2，firstproject\ulrs.py
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"""
URL configuration for firstproject project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from myapp.views import sayhello, sayhello2

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', sayhello),
    path('hello2/<str:username>', sayhello2),
]

12.2定義sayhello2函式，修改myapp\views.py。

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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
def sayhello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello Django")
    
def sayhello2(request, username):
    return HttpResponse("Hello " + username)

執行結果：
13.模版的使用
13.1 建立templates目錄，並新增templates\hello3.html檔案
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset='utf-8'>
	<title>雲林虎尾</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1> 歡迎光臨：{{username}} </h1>
	<h2> 現在時間：{{now}} </h2>
</body>
</html>

13.2 設定firstproject\urls.py。

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"""
URL configuration for firstproject project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from myapp.views import sayhello, sayhello2, sayhello3

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', sayhello),
    path('hello2/<str:username>', sayhello2),
    path('hello3/<str:username>', sayhello3),    
]

13.3 設定視圖函式myapp\views.py。

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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from datetime import datetime

# Create your views here.
def sayhello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello Django")
    
def sayhello2(request, username):
    return HttpResponse("Hello " + username)

def sayhello3(request, username):
    now = datetime.now()
    return render(request, "hello3.html", locals())

13.4 在瀏覽器上輸入127.0.0.1:8000/hello3/虎尾鎮。

14.加入static靜態檔案
14.1 加入hello4鏈結，firstproject\urls.py

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"""
URL configuration for firstproject project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from myapp.views import sayhello, sayhello2, sayhello3, sayhello4

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', sayhello),
    path('hello2/<str:username>', sayhello2),
    path('hello3/<str:username>', sayhello3),  
    path('hello4/<str:username>', sayhello4),      
]

14.2 修改視圖myapp\views.py
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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from datetime import datetime

# Create your views here.
def sayhello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello Django")
    
def sayhello2(request, username):
    return HttpResponse("Hello " + username)

def sayhello3(request, username):
    now = datetime.now()
    return render(request, "hello3.html", locals())
    
def sayhello4(request, username):
    now = datetime.now()
    return render(request, "hello4.html", locals())

14.3 修改様版templates\hello4.html。
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset = 'utf-8'>
	<title>雲林虎尾</title>
	{% load static %}
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "css/style.css" %}">
</head>
<body>
	<div id="home">
		<img src="{% static "images/ball.png" %}" alt="歡迎光臨" width="32" height="32"/>
		<span class="info"> 歡迎光臨：{{username}} </span>
		<h2> 現在時間：{{now}} </h2>
	</div>
</body>
</html>

14.3 新增css，static/css/style.css。
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.info {
	color:red;
	font-size: 1.5em;
}

執行結果：


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