2026年1月10日 星期六

[Django 6.0] 建立第一個視圖(View)應用程式



延續上一篇文章：Django 6.0初體驗

1.按Ctrl+C將啟動網站停止執行。

執行中的畫面：

回到命令列的畫面



2.建立應用程式

python manage.py startapp myapp


2.建立視圖(View)
myapp/views.py
(黃底表示新增程式)

原來的程式：
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from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

修改後程式：

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from django.http import HttpResponse


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("您好! 歡迎光臨雲林縣口湖鄉水井村。")

3.在應用程式下新增URLs
myapp/urls.py
(黃底表示新增程式)

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from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path("", views.index, name="index"),
]

4.修改專案目錄下的URLs檔案
mysite/urls.py


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"""
URL configuration for mysite project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path("myapp/", include("myapp.urls")),
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
]

5.新增myapp到settings.py上
mysite/settings.py

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"""
Django settings for mysite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 6.0.1.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-c#x)5h0=87595lwnngn75vm%j-=!bpw84-$!e@rs8^nr4-xms^'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myapp',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/6.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'

6. 啟動網站
python manage.py runserver

7.打開瀏覽器輸入網址：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/

網址改成：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/myapp/


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