2021年6月12日 星期六

四個步驟輕鬆升級Django最新版電子購物網站

為回應讀者反應Django版本太低，應該要用新版的Django，由於原作者twtrubiks在四年前就發展這個專案-twtrubiks/django-shop-tutorial，因此必須將Django版本改成Djangle 1.11.29，才能順利編譯完成。目前Django已經升級到3.2.4，以下四個步驟升級為Django 3.2.4版。

1.修改urls.py，有兩個重點，其一是include函式的參數，其二是除了django_shop_tutorial目錄下的urls.py不需要加上設定app_name變數值，其餘的urls.py都要也就是經由include函式的urls都需要。

(1) django_shop_tutorial/urls.py

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"""django_shop_tutorial URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^cart/', include('cart.urls')),
    url(r'^orders/', include('orders.urls')),
    url(r'^payment/', include('payment.urls')),
    url(r'^paypal/', include('paypal.standard.ipn.urls')),
    url(r'^', include('shop.urls')),

]

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL,
                          document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

(2)shop/urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views
app_name = 'shop'


urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.product_list,
        name='product_list'),
    url(r'^(?P<category_slug>[-\w]+)/$',
        views.product_list,
        name='product_list_by_category'),
    url(r'^(?P<product_id>\d+)/(?P<slug>[-\w]+)/$',
        views.product_detail,
        name='product_detail')
    ]

(3)payment/urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
app_name = 'payment'

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^process/$', views.payment_process
        , name='process'),
    url(r'^done/$', views.payment_done
        , name='done'),
    url(r'^canceled/$', views.payment_canceled
        , name='canceled'),
]

(4)order/urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
app_name = 'orders'

urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^create/$',
            views.order_create,
            name='order_create'),
]

(5)cart/urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views
app_name = 'cart'

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.cart_detail,
        name='cart_detail'),
    url(r'^add/(?P<product_id>\d+)/$',
        views.cart_add,
        name='cart_add'),
    url(r'^remove/(?P<product_id>\d+)/$',
        views.cart_remove,
        name='cart_remove'),
]

2.修改models，有兩個重點，其一是django.core.urlresolvers套件由django.urls套件取代，其二是ForeignKey參數必須要指定on_delete參數值。
(1)shop/models.py
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from django.urls import reverse
from django.db import models


class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200,
                            db_index=True)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=200,
                            db_index=True,
                            unique=True)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('name',)
        verbose_name = 'category'
        verbose_name_plural = 'categories'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('shop:product_list_by_category',
                       args=[self.slug])


class Product(models.Model):
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category,
                                 related_name='products', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200, db_index=True)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=200, db_index=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='products/%Y/%m/%d',
                              blank=True)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)
    # 台灣價錢都是整數，所以可以設定 decimal_places=0
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=0)
    stock = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    available = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('name',)
        index_together = (('id', 'slug'),)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('shop:product_detail',
                       args=[self.id, self.slug])

(2) order/models.py
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from django.db import models

from shop.models import Product


class Order(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    email = models.EmailField()
    address = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    postal_code = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    paid = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('-created',)

    def __str__(self):
        return 'Order {}'.format(self.id)

    def get_total_cost(self):
        return sum(item.get_cost() for item in self.items.all())


class OrderItem(models.Model):
    order = models.ForeignKey(Order,
                              related_name='items', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    product = models.ForeignKey(Product,
                                related_name='order_items', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # 台灣價錢都是整數，所以可以設定 decimal_places=0
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=0)
    quantity = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=1)

    def __str__(self):
        return '{}'.format(self.id)

    def get_cost(self):
        return self.price * self.quantity

3.修改payment/views.py，只需要將django.core.urlresolvers套件由django.urls套件取代。
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from decimal import Decimal

from django.conf import settings
from django.urls import reverse
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from paypal.standard.forms import PayPalPaymentsForm

from orders.models import Order


def payment_process(request):
    order_id = request.session.get('order_id')
    order = get_object_or_404(Order, id=order_id)
    host = request.get_host()
    paypal_dict = {
        'business': settings.PAYPAL_RECEIVER_EMAIL,
        'amount': '%.2f' % order.get_total_cost().quantize(
            Decimal('.01')),
        'item_name': 'Order {}'.format(order.id),
        'invoice': str(order.id),
        'currency_code': 'TWD',
        'notify_url': 'http://{}{}'.format(host,
                                           reverse('paypal-ipn')),
        'return_url': 'http://{}{}'.format(host,
                                           reverse('payment:done')),
        'cancel_return': 'http://{}{}'.format(host,
                                              reverse('payment:canceled')),
    }
    form = PayPalPaymentsForm(initial=paypal_dict)
    return render(request,
                  'payment/process.html',
                  {'order': order, 'form': form})


@csrf_exempt
def payment_done(request):
    return render(request, 'payment/done.html')


@csrf_exempt
def payment_canceled(request):
    return render(request, 'payment/canceled.html')

4.修改templates，只需要修staticfiles成為static即可。
(1)shop/templates/shop/base.html
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{% load static %}
{% load bootstrap3 %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
    <link href="https://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
    {% bootstrap_css %}
    {% bootstrap_javascript %}

</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="page-header">
        <a href="/"><h1>My shop</h1></a>
    </div>
    <div class="panel panel-default">
        <div class="panel-heading">
            {# call __len__ #}
            {% with total_items=cart|length %}
                {% if cart|length > 0 %}
                    Your cart:
                    <a href="{% url "cart:cart_detail" %}">
                        {# If total_items is 1, the output will be 1 item. #}
                        {# If total_items is 2, the output will be 2 items. #}
                        {{ total_items }} item{{ total_items|pluralize }},
                        ${{ cart.get_total_price }}
                    </a>
                {% else %}
                    Your shopping cart is empty.
                {% endif %}
            {% endwith %}
        </div>
    </div>

    {% block content %}
    {% endblock %}
</div>
</body>
</html>

(2)shop/templates/shop/product/detail.html
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{% extends "shop/base.html" %}
{% load static %}
{% load bootstrap3 %}

{% block title %}
    {% if category %}{{ category.title }}{% else %}Products{% endif %}
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-12">
            <div class="col-md-6 col-md-4">

            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6 col-md-4">
                <div class="thumbnail">
                    <img src="{% if product.image %}{{ product.image.url }}
                              {% else %}{% static "img/no_image.png" %}{% endif %}"
                         class="img-responsive">
                    <div class="caption">
                        <div class="row">
                            <div class="col-md-6 col-xs-6">
                                <h3>{{ product.name }}</h3>
                            </div>
                            <div class="col-md-6 col-xs-6 price">
                                <h3>
                                    <label>${{ product.price }}</label></h3>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <p>{{ product.description }}</p>
                        <h2><a href="{{ product.category.get_absolute_url }}">{{ product.category }}</a></h2>
                        <form action="{% url "cart:cart_add" product.id %}" method="post">
                            {% csrf_token %}
                            {% bootstrap_form cart_product_form %}
                            {% buttons %}
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-product">
                                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart"></span> Add to cart
                                </button>
                            {% endbuttons %}
                        </form>

                        <p></p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6 col-md-4">

            </div>
        </div>

    </div>


{% endblock %}

(3)shop/templates/shop/product/list.html
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{% extends "shop/base.html" %}
{% load static %}

{% block title %}
    {% if category %}{{ category.name }}{% else %}Products{% endif %}
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-3">
            <h3>Categories</h3>
            <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked">
                <li {% if not category %}class="active"{% endif %}>
                    <a href="{% url "shop:product_list" %}">All</a></li>
                {% for c in categories %}
                    <li {% if category.slug == c.slug %}class="active"{% endif %}>
                        <a href="{{ c.get_absolute_url }}">{{ c.name }}</a>
                    </li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        </div>

        <div class="col-md-9">
            <h2>{% if category %}{{ category.name }}{% else %}Products{% endif %}</h2>
            <div class="row">
                {% for product in products %}
                    <div class="col-md-4">
                        <div class="thumbnail">
                            <a href="{{ product.get_absolute_url }}">
                                <img src="{% if product.image %}{{ product.image.url }}
                                          {% else %}{% static "img/no_image.png" %} {% endif %}">
                            </a>
                            <a href="{{ product.get_absolute_url }}">{{ product.name }}</a><br>
                            ${{ product.price }}
                        </div>
                    </div>
                {% endfor %}
            </div>


        </div>


    </div>
{% endblock %}

(4)cart/templates/detail.html
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{% extends "shop/base.html" %}
{% load static %}
{% load bootstrap3 %}
{% block title %}
    Your shopping cart
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>Your shopping cart</h1>

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
            <table class="table table-hover">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>Product</th>
                    <th>Quantity</th>
                    <th class="text-center">Price</th>
                    <th class="text-center">Total</th>
                    <th> </th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for item in cart %}
                    {% with product=item.product %}
                        <tr>
                            <td class="col-sm-8 col-md-6">
                                <div class="media">
                                    <a class="thumbnail pull-left" href="{{ product.get_absolute_url }}">
                                        <img class="media-object"
                                             src="{% if product.image %}{{ product.image.url }}
                                                  {% else %}{% static "img/no_image.png" %}{% endif %}"
                                             style="width: 72px; height: 72px;">
                                    </a>
                                    <div class="media-body">
                                        <h4 class="media-heading"><a
                                                href="{{ product.get_absolute_url }}">{{ product.name }}</a></h4>
                                        <span>Status: </span><span class="text-success"><strong>In Stock</strong></span>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </td>
                            <td class="col-sm-1 col-md-1" style="text-align: center">
                                <form action="{% url "cart:cart_add" product.id %}" method="post">
                                    {% csrf_token %}
                                    {% bootstrap_field item.update_quantity_form.quantity show_label=False %}
                                    {% bootstrap_field item.update_quantity_form.update %}
                                    {% buttons %}
                                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-product">
                                            Update
                                        </button>
                                    {% endbuttons %}
                                </form>
                            </td>

                            <td class="col-sm-1 col-md-1 text-center"><strong>${{ item.price }}</strong></td>
                            <td class="col-sm-1 col-md-1 text-center"><strong>${{ item.total_price }}</strong></td>

                            <td class="col-sm-1 col-md-1">
                                <a href="{% url "cart:cart_remove" product.id %}" class="btn btn-danger">
                                    <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></i> Remove
                                </a>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    {% endwith %}
                {% endfor %}
                <tr>
                    <td>  </td>
                    <td>  </td>
                    <td>  </td>
                    <td><h3>Total</h3></td>
                    <td class="text-right"><h3><strong>${{ cart.get_total_price }}</strong></h3></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>  </td>
                    <td>  </td>
                    <td>  </td>
                    <td>
                        <a href="{% url "shop:product_list" %}" class="btn btn-default">
                            Continue Shopping <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                        </a>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <a href="{% url "orders:order_create" %}" class="btn btn-default">Checkout <i
                                class="glyphicon glyphicon-play" aria-hidden="true"></i>
                        </a>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>

{% endblock %}
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