2024年3月22日 星期五

用圖形排列來訓練雙迴圈以及函式的技巧

 範例 一、用雙迴圈畫方形並排列成三角形

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import turtle
c = turtle.Turtle()
for i in range(1,6):
    for j in range(-2,3-i+1):
        c.penup()
        c.goto(-500+i*150,j*150)
        c.pendown()
        c.color("red")
        c.begin_fill()
        c.forward(100)
        c.left(90)
        c.forward(100)
        c.left(90)
        c.forward(100)
        c.left(90)
        c.forward(100)
        c.left(90)
        c.end_fill()

執行結果：



範例二、用雙迴圈畫方形並排列成三角形，但內部畫圓來顯示

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import turtle
c = turtle.Turtle()
for i in range(1,6):
    for j in range(-2,3-i+1):
        if i==1 or j==-2 or j==3-i:
            c.penup()
            c.goto(-500+i*150,j*150)
            c.pendown()
            c.color("red")
            c.begin_fill()
            c.forward(100)
            c.left(90)
            c.forward(100)
            c.left(90)
            c.forward(100)
            c.left(90)
            c.forward(100)
            c.left(90)
            c.end_fill()
        else:
            c.penup()
            c.goto(-500+i*150+50,j*150)
            c.pendown()
            c.color("black")
            c.begin_fill()
            c.circle(50)
            c.end_fill()

執行結果：

範例三：以隨機產生圖案和顏色

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import turtle
import random
c = turtle.Turtle()
c.speed(0)
color=["black", "red", "blue", "yellow", "green", "white"]
for i in range(1,6):
    for j in range(-2,3-i+1):
        if random.randint(1,100)%2:
            c.penup()
            c.goto(-500+i*150,j*150)
            c.pendown()
            c.color(color[random.randint(0,5)])
            c.begin_fill()
            c.forward(100)
            c.left(90)
            c.forward(100)
            c.left(90)
            c.forward(100)
            c.left(90)
            c.forward(100)
            c.left(90)
            c.end_fill()
        else:
            c.penup()
            c.goto(-500+i*150+50,j*150)
            c.pendown()
            c.color(random.random(),random.random(), random.random())
            c.begin_fill()
            c.circle(50)
            c.end_fill()

執行結果：

範例四、承上題，把畫方形用函式取代

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import turtle
import random

def square(c):
    c.begin_fill()
    c.forward(100)
    c.left(90)
    c.forward(100)
    c.left(90)
    c.forward(100)
    c.left(90)
    c.forward(100)
    c.left(90)
    c.end_fill()
    
c = turtle.Turtle()
c.speed(0)
color=["black", "red", "blue", "yellow", "green", "white"]

for i in range(1,6):
    for j in range(-2,3-i+1):
        if random.randint(1,100)%2:
            c.penup()
            c.goto(-500+i*150,j*150)
            c.pendown()
            c.color(color[random.randint(0,5)])
            square(c)
        else:
            c.penup()
            c.goto(-500+i*150+50,j*150)
            c.pendown()
            c.color(random.random(),random.random(), random.random())
            c.begin_fill()
            c.circle(50)
            c.end_fill()

執行結果：


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