2019年12月30日 星期一

Line機器人實作

參考資料：
手把手教你搭建聊天機器人https://medium.com/@hatsukiotowa/手把手教你搭建聊天機器人-linebot-python-qnamaker-heroku-02建造linebot-backend-server-並部署至heroku-59b36357cd9d

1. 安裝虛擬環境的套件
pip install virtualenvwrapper-win

2.建立虛擬環境
mkvirtualenv nkut

3.安裝Django套件
pip install django

4.建立專案及資料庫初始化
django-admin startproject nkut_bot
cd nkut_bot
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
5.啟動伺服器
python manage.py runserver

6.執行結果
7. 建立bot應用程式
python manage.py startapp bot
8.安裝Line bot sdk套件
pip3 install line-bot-sdk
9.執行IDLE開啟nkut_bot/urls.py

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"""nkut_bot URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import include, url

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^bot/', include('bot.urls')),
]

10.新增bot/urls.py

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from django.conf.urls import include, url
from . import views
# 用來串接callback主程式
urlpatterns = [
    url('^callback/', views.callback),
]

11. 開啟bot/views.py

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# import 必要的函式庫
from django.conf import settings
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseBadRequest, HttpResponseForbidden
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt

from linebot import LineBotApi, WebhookParser
from linebot.exceptions import InvalidSignatureError, LineBotApiError
from linebot.models import MessageEvent, TextSendMessage
# 這邊是Linebot的授權TOKEN(等等註冊LineDeveloper帳號會取得)，我們為DEMO方便暫時存在settings裡面存取，實際上使用的時候記得設成環境變數，不要公開在程式碼裡喔！
line_bot_api = LineBotApi(settings.LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN)
parser = WebhookParser(settings.LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET)

@csrf_exempt
def callback(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':
        signature = request.META['HTTP_X_LINE_SIGNATURE']
        body = request.body.decode('utf-8')

        try:
            events = parser.parse(body, signature)
        except InvalidSignatureError:
            return HttpResponseForbidden()
        except LineBotApiError:
            return HttpResponseBadRequest()

        for event in events:
            if isinstance(event, MessageEvent):
                line_bot_api.reply_message(
                    event.reply_token,
                   TextSendMessage(text=event.message.text)
                )
        return HttpResponse()
    else:
        return HttpResponseBadRequest()

12.開啟nkut_bot/settings.py

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"""
Django settings for nkut_bot project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.1.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'u&mk93@4^p6jb*$6d5ew9yu(g@37vp18kib0%n8shr^o-0!zkx'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'nkut_bot.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'nkut_bot.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN = "請填入你剛才在LINE Messaging API的對應值"

LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET = "請填入你剛才在LINE Messaging API的對應值"
請參考 Line developer 取得 LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN和LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET

14.
pip install django_heroku

15.
pip install gunicorn

16.
pip install dj_static
17.
pip install psycopg2-binary
18.
pip freeze >requirements.txt

19.
heroku create nkutbot
20.
heroku git:remote -a nkutbot


20.
git init
git add .
git config --global user.email "您的Email"
git config --global user.name "您的名字"

21.
git commit -m "initial commit"

22.
heroku config:set DISABLE_COLLECTSTATIC=1

23.
git push heroku master

24.
heroku config:set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=nkut_bot.production_settings
heroku ps:scale web=1
heroku run python manage.py migrate
heroku run python manage.py createsuperuser
heroku open

25.執行結果

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