2024年5月7日 星期二

使用Python和Django設計落花生農產品交易行情網站


參考文章：使用Python和Django設計百香果農產品交易行情網站

1.安裝Django套件


2.建立Django專案和應用程式


3.開啟瀏覽器，輸入127.0.0.1:8000


3.修改peanut/peanut/settings.py，黃底字是新增的指令。

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"""
Django settings for peanut project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.0.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure--zjwskz2!r4a(-)ck#db$_44trhc%b0v()e(vd9_2n)srub#cl'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'peanutapp',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
 ]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'peanut.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'templates'],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'peanut.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hant'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Taipei'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'
STATIC_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR / 'static',
]
# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

4.修改peanut/peanut/urls.py

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"""
URL configuration for peanut project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from peanutapp.views import index

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', index),
]

5.新增index函式在peanut/peanutapp/views.py

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from django.shortcuts import render
import requests
import json

def index(request):
    r = requests.get('https://data.moa.gov.tw/Service/OpenData/FromM/FarmTransData.aspx')
    peanuts = json.loads(r.text)
    rows = []
    for row in peanuts:
        if row['作物名稱'] is None:
            continue
        if '落花生' in row['作物名稱']:
            rows.append(row)
    return render(request, "index.html", locals())

6.新增index.html到peanut/templates

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<html>
<head>
	<TITLE>
		尚虎雲產銷平台
	</TITLE>
</head>
<body>
	<center>
		<h1>尚虎雲產銷平台</h1>
		<h2>執行單位:<a href="http://www.nfu.edu.tw">國立虎尾科技大學 電機資訊學院</a></h2>
	</center>
	{% for row in rows %}
		{% if forloop.first %}
			<table style='width:100%' border='1'>
				<caption><h2>落花生市場交易情形</h2></caption>
				<tr>
					<th>交易日期</th>
					<th>作物代號</th>
					<th>作物名稱</th>
					<th>市場代碼</th>
					<th>市場名稱</th>
					<th>上價</th>
					<th>中價</th>
					<th>下價</th>
					<th>平均價</th>
					<th>交易量</th>
				</tr>
		{% endif %}
				<tr>
					<td><center>{{ row.交易日期 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.作物代號 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.作物名稱 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.市場代號 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.市場名稱 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.上價 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.中價 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.下價 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.平均價 }}</center></td>
					<td><center>{{ row.交易量 }}</center></td>
				</tr>
		{% if forloop.last %}
			</table>
		{% endif %}
	{% endfor %}
</body>

</html>

7.執行結果：
如文章開頭的圖片。
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