智慧生活科技專業社群: 在Django中使用Cookies來計算今天瀏覽次數

參考資料：Python架站特訓班django最強實戰

1.打開cmd建立Django專案

1.1 安裝django套件，已安裝可以省略

pip install django

1.2 建立CookieSession專案

django-admin startproject CookieSession

1.3 建立CookieSession專案的App

python manage.py startapp CookieSessionApp

1.4 啟動網站

python manage.py migrate

python manage.py runserver

1.5 打開瀏覽器，輸入127.0.0.1:8000

2. 更換預設首頁

安裝APP, CookieSession/CookieSession/settings.py，黃底字是新增部份。

"""
Django settings for CookieSession project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.2.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-^9frr%qp+(f(1z0k09w&*!y8de-xk440#1aek344)w-w8gwt^m'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'CookieSessionApp',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'CookieSession.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'CookieSession.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

2.2 增加首頁URL對應到index函式的路徑到CookieSession/urls.py，黃底字是新增部份。

"""
URL configuration for CookieSession project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from CookieSessionApp.views import index

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    	path('', index),
]

2.3 新增index函式到CookieSession/CookieSessionApp/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
	response = HttpResponse('歡迎光臨')		
	return response

2.4 更新瀏覽器-127.0.0.1:8000內容

3.加上Cookies

3.1 修訂在CookieSession/CookieSessionApp/views.py的index函式

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
import datetime

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
	if "counter" in request.COOKIES:
		counter=int(request.COOKIES["counter"])
		counter+=1
	else:		
		counter=1
	response = HttpResponse('歡迎光臨，今日瀏覽次數：' + str(counter))		
	tomorrow = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days = 1)
	tomorrow = datetime.datetime.replace(tomorrow, hour=0, minute=0, second=0)
	expires = datetime.datetime.strftime(tomorrow, "%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT") 
	response.set_cookie("counter",counter,expires=expires)
	return response

3.2 更新瀏覽器-127.0.0.1:8000內容

3.3 查看Cookies，在執行網頁內容中按下右鍵，選擇'檢查'功能表，再選擇應用程式，即可以查看。

智慧生活科技專業社群

2024年4月21日星期日

在Django中使用Cookies來計算今天瀏覽次數

沒有留言:

張貼留言

2024年4月21日 星期日

在Django中使用Cookies來計算今天瀏覽次數

沒有留言:

張貼留言

2024年4月21日星期日