2026年3月21日 星期六

[水井USR] 使用Cookie來記錄旅人是否到過水井村網站

 




1.模版程式：templates/index.html

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<!-- templates/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-Hant">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>水井村導覽</title>
    <style>
        body { font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; padding: 60px 20px; }
        .welcome { font-size: 1.8rem; margin: 2rem 0; color: #2c7a77; }
        .count   { color: #555; }
        .btn     { padding: 12px 28px; background: #2c7a77; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.1rem; cursor: pointer; }
        .btn:hover { background: #1e5955; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

    <h1>水井村</h1>
    <p class="welcome">{{ message }}</p>

    {% if has_visited %}
        <p class="count">這是你第 <strong>{{ visit_count }}</strong> 次來訪</p>
        <form action="{% url 'village:forget_me' %}" method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <button type="submit" class="btn">忘記我，讓我重新當新客</button>
        </form>
    {% else %}
        <p>這裡有風頭水尾打拼的故事，有水井三寶的傳說，等你來走一趟～</p>
    {% endif %}

</body>
</html>

2.視域程式：village/views.py
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# village/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect


def home(request):
    # 檢查是否有 visit 水井村的 cookie
    has_visited = request.COOKIES.get('visited_suijing', False)

    if has_visited:
        message = "歡迎回到水井村！老朋友又見面啦～"
        visit_count = int(has_visited) + 1
    else:
        message = "歡迎來到水井村！第一次造訪的旅人～"
        visit_count = 1

    context = {
        'message': message,
        'visit_count': visit_count,
        'has_visited': bool(has_visited),
    }

    response = render(request, 'index.html', context)

    # 設定/更新 cookie（存活 30 天）
    response.set_cookie(
        key='visited_suijing',
        value=str(visit_count),           # 順便記錄來訪次數
        max_age=60 * 60 * 24 * 30,        # 30 天
        httponly=True,                    # 推薦：防止 JavaScript 存取
        samesite='Lax',                   # 推薦的安全設定
        # secure=True,                    # 上線時建議開啟（需 HTTPS）
    )

    return response


def forget_me(request):
    """刪除 cookie，讓下次變成第一次造訪"""
    response = redirect('village:home')
    response.delete_cookie('visited_suijing')
    return response

3.APP路由程式：village/urls.py
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# village/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'village'

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.home, name='home'),
    path('forget-me/', views.forget_me, name='forget_me'),
]

4.主路由程式：suijing_village/urls.py
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"""suijing_village URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('village.urls')),
]

5.設定程式：suijing_village/settings.py
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"""
Django settings for suijing_village project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.6.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-5d5y6c=nx8d1x+tn!r2!tl7fnlj)6_+l2_o90czc#d907!q6df'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['cmlin.pythonanywhere.com']


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'village',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'suijing_village.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'templates'],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'suijing_village.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

# default static files settings for PythonAnywhere.
# see https://help.pythonanywhere.com/pages/DjangoStaticFiles for more info
MEDIA_ROOT = '/home/cmlin/suijing_village/media'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
STATIC_ROOT = '/home/cmlin/suijing_village/static'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
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